The Physical Layer is the first and lowest layer in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model and is responsible for the actual physical transmission of data over a network medium. It deals with the hardware aspects of network communication and provides the means to transmit raw bits over the physical medium. Here are the key […]
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions and processes of computer networks and data communication into seven distinct layers. Each layer in the model performs specific tasks and interacts with adjacent layers, creating a hierarchy of network-related functions. The OSI model is used as a reference point to […]
Constrained-Based Routing (CBR) is a routing approach used in computer networks, particularly in the context of network optimization, where routing decisions are based on specific constraints and requirements, rather than solely on traditional routing metrics like hop count or link bandwidth. CBR considers various factors and constraints, such as Quality of Service (QoS), resource availability, […]
MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) is a routing and switching technology used in computer networks, primarily in service provider networks and large enterprise networks. MPLS enhances network performance, scalability, and traffic engineering by introducing the concept of label switching. Instead of traditional IP routing, where routers make forwarding decisions based on destination IP addresses, MPLS routers […]