ICMP, or Internet Control Message Protocol, is a network layer protocol in the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. ICMP is used primarily for network diagnostics, error reporting, and troubleshooting. It enables network devices to send error and control messages to indicate issues or conditions affecting data packet delivery. Here are the key features and characteristics of […]

BGP, or Border Gateway Protocol, is a standardized exterior gateway protocol used in the Internet to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (ASes). BGP plays a crucial role in determining the path that data packets take when traversing the internet and is a fundamental protocol for internet routing. Here are the key features […]

UDP, or User Datagram Protocol, is a core transport layer protocol in the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. Unlike TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which provides reliable, connection-oriented communication, UDP is a connectionless and lightweight protocol. It is primarily used for transmitting data that can tolerate some degree of loss and doesn’t require the reliability features offered […]

TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. It provides a reliable and connection-oriented data transfer mechanism between devices over a network. TCP is responsible for ensuring that data is delivered in a consistent and error-free manner. Here are the key features and characteristics of TCP: […]